The logic of recurrent circuits in the primary visual cortex

Summary Incoming visual signals. Despite the importance of recurrent circuits for cortical processing, the basic rules that govern how nearby cortical neurons influence each other remain enigmatic. We used two-photon holographic optogenetics to activate ensembles of neurons in Layer 2/3 of the primary visual cortex (V1) in the absence of external stimuli to isolate the […]

High-performance microbial opsins for spatially and temporally precise perturbations of large neuronal networks

Summary The biophysical limitations of existing optogenetic tools restrict the scale, speed, and precision of neural control. Using structure-guided mutagenesis, we have engineered high-potency opsins that retain fast kinetics, enabling large-scale, spatiotemporally precise control of neuronal populations. These novel opsins have been extensively benchmarked against existing optogenetic tools and characterized under two-photon illumination, providing a […]

Deconvolution for multimode fiber imaging: modeling of spatially variant PSF

Summary Wavefront-controlled light focusing through step-index multimode optical fibers (MMFs) enables minimally invasive endoscopic imaging of biological tissue. However, the spatially variant point spread function (PSF) of MMF imaging systems poses challenges for traditional deconvolution algorithms, which assume a uniform PSF. To address this, we developed svmPSF, an open-source Java-based framework for ImageJ that models […]